ASME – Pressure vessel calculations

Chapter 01From component to traceable assessment

A pressure vessel is a shared design task: shell, heads, nozzles, flanges and supports must match the same load cases and material assumptions. SOL ALPHA provides individual calculation modules for these tasks. This handbook shows how to select the right assessment, transfer data safely and interpret results so that a change in design pressure does not silently bypass one chapter of the calculation.

The continuous example is a small vessel with a cylindrical shell, an elliptical head and a set-on nozzle. Start with a saved example file, review the three individual modules UG27, UG32 and UG37, then connect two pressures and one required thickness. Changing pressure from 1 to 2 MPa lets you follow the entire relationship: required shell thickness rises, the head calculation follows pressure, and the nozzle requires more area while the shell reserve decreases.

On your first pass, read sequentially through the results comparison. For a familiar calculation, the UG27, UG32 and UG37 chapters lead directly to the necessary decisions. The package map positions all 51 configured members; the field reference explains the important numbers.

Chapter 02Establish code, division and edition

The package name “ASME VIII” identifies a selection group. It does not promise that every member calculates under the same division. The inspected descriptions assign UG27, UG32 and UG37 to Section VIII Division 1, edition 2025. A187/A188/A189 and A416 name Division 2. ANSI and B311 belong to piping codes; TEB and TEB1 name TEMA, and ELFP names Roark. These methods cannot be exchanged merely because they appear together in one package.

The official ASME description of BPVC Section VIII Division 1 covers fabrication, inspection, testing and certification as well as design. A successful thickness or area result does not cover those further tasks. The ASME certification overview distinguishes the divisions and their certification scopes.

Record three separate statements

1. Project basis: Which section, division, edition and explicitly permitted supplementary methods apply to the contract?
2. Module basis: Which method and edition does the selected module name? The map records the inspected local descriptions; some entries name older editions.
3. Calculation version: Which application and plugin executed the actual assessment? The documentation source revision does not automatically establish the version of a running installation.

This book reviews public ASME scope descriptions and the implemented module sources. The complete licensed code text, including every exception, was not checked edition by edition. Where an example explains an equation, it identifies the documented software basis; a number in this book does not replace the applicable code provision.

Chapter 03Which module do I need?

The 51 entries match the stored ASME package configuration. This table helps select an engineering task. It promises neither current entitlement nor a thoroughly tested execution of every token. An unestablished method is identified explicitly so that a similar module name does not lead to the wrong selection.

Chapter 04Prepare the design data

Start with a data sheet outside the three calculation masks. A useful entry records quantity, value, unit, source, load case and scope. One pressure may be agreed for the entire vessel, while hydrostatic loading depends on component location. Temperature is a design assumption, not automatically the operating temperature currently measured. Geometry needs inside/outside and as-new, corroded or measured-condition labels.

• Load cases: Record design pressure, allowable temperature combinations, pressure differences, liquid levels, test conditions, start-up/shutdown and possible vacuum.
• Geometry: Tie diameters, actual minimum thickness, head depth, nozzle dimensions and attachment detail to a drawing revision.
• Materials: Track product specification, supply condition, thickness range, temperature-dependent properties and code eligibility separately for shell, head, nozzle, pad and bolts.
• Fabrication: Do not derive weld type, examination extent, joint efficiencies, forming, tolerances and allowances from a generic default.
• Additional loads: Flag self-weight, attachments, piping forces, moments, wind, seismic effects and cycles as further assessment tasks.

The teaching case uses 150 °C for the three main components, initially 1 MPa design excess pressure and 0 MPa hydrostatic head. Shell outside diameter and actual thickness are 600 mm and 6 mm. All explicitly entered corrosion and thickness allowances are zero. This makes the connection effects easier to recognise; it does not justify zero allowances for an actual design.

The main review principle is that equal numbers do not yet constitute a shared data source. Three manually entered temperatures of 150 °C remain three separate inputs. The checked chain connects only the fields listed in the connections chapter.

Chapter 05Find your way around the application

Open the learning case in a separate practice project through File → Open. The project tree must contain UG27 design type 1, UG32 design type 1 and UG37 design type 4. Select each chapter in turn. Review design type, pressure mode, unit, material selection and messages before changing values. For a new project, add modules through the ASME package selector and select the corresponding design type; a complete fresh cold start was not repeated for this book.

Masks use collapsible engineering sections. UG27 moves from pressure and material through shell geometry to thicknesses and pressures. UG32 adds the head form and its radii or depths. UG37 contains parent shell, nozzle, optional reinforcement, areas and weld forces. A collapsed section is not necessarily empty. Expand the downstream sections when reviewing results.

Right-click a numeric field to open its variable menu. The recording uses Bookmark and Link. In a connection dialog, read the target token and field number first, then the source. This prevents a numerically plausible thickness from being attached to the wrong meaning. General operating help explains entry, releasing, fixing and goal seeking; this book explains the engineering quantity affected in each case.

Chapter 06Units, inputs and calculated values

1 MPa equals 10 bar and 1 N/mm². Changing 1 to 2 MPa therefore changes 10 to 20 bar. The small unit beside the numeric field is part of the input. These modules retain some old internal labels saying “in bar” although the teaching case displays MPa. When reproducing it, check field number, physical quantity and visible unit together.

Excess pressure, absolute pressure and hydrostatic head have different meanings. In the checked connection, UG27:V32 denotes design pressure excluding head in MPa; UG32:V123 and UG37:V181 denote the same quantity with the unit key MPa(p). This specific case therefore used “Show all variables”. The non-identical unit-key symbol has not been removed from the image. An absolute fluid-property pressure cannot be connected this way without the necessary conversion.

Recognise a value's role

A known input, calculated result, fixed value and connection are different states. In the recording, prescribed values appear as ordinary input fields and calculated values have a colour indication; the thickness bookmark additionally has a green mark. Use colour for orientation only because styling and theme can change. Check field state and the variable menu. An old visible number may remain after an incomplete recalculation.

Historical preparation entered recipe values as ordinary user inputs. Result checks confirmed that output values were known and calculated. After linking, pressure targets were read as known bound values. This observation does not establish that every field can be released for arbitrary inverse calculations.

When changing a unit or input role, finish confirming the entry and wait for calculation completion. Record the starting value before experimenting. If results are unexpected, restore unit and role before changing a second physical parameter.

Chapter 07Material, joint efficiencies and allowances

The demonstration material has local identifier 1232 and is displayed as 1.4571(P) – X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-2. Its regression entry identifies hot-worked plate and EN/AD references. This does not establish ASME eligibility. Use that selection to reproduce the historical numbers; a real ASME project needs the required product specification and defensible allowable stresses under its applicable basis.

A material code is not a stress value. The property follows from material, temperature, product/thickness range and selected method. The historical UG32 result image shows an operating allowable stress S of 206 MPa. That is an observation from this example, not a general ASME table value for 1.4571. Replacing the material requires a new technical basis for the entire comparison chain; the old results cease to be targets.

The shell treats E and E_c separately. They belong to different joint/stress directions. An example value of one does not automatically establish an examination extent. The permissible assignment follows the specific joint detail and agreed code edition. Casting quality factors can have a separate role; do not change these selection states incidentally to obtain an apparently better thickness.

Actual and effective wall

For the simple teaching case, t₀ = t_e − c1 − c2 = 6 − 0 − 0 = 6 mm. These 6 mm are actual thickness; pressure-required thickness is a separate calculated field. Increasing c2 reduces the effective remaining wall and may change the corroded geometry. Ordered nominal thickness is also not automatically the minimum thickness present everywhere after forming.

UG37 separates shell, nozzle and pad materials and allowances. Identically named entries in three groups remain separate data. A thicker reinforcement cannot be fully credited beyond its effective limits; a different material may also change the credit through strength ratios.

Chapter 08Load the prepared vessel

Download starting case · tutorial-vessel-a.sol · Download the saved connected revision

Both downloads are unchanged SOL demonstration files from the approved tutorial. The first is the unlinked starting case at 1 MPa. The second is the connected revision saved at 2 MPa during that recording. Historical verification confirmed reopening the starting file; this handbook work did not repeat reopening the saved final revision.

1. Open the starting file in a separate practice project. After loading, confirm that no restore or calculation error remains open.
2. Select UG27 and check 1 MPa, 0 MPa hydrostatic head, 150 °C, 600 mm outside diameter, 6 mm actual thickness and the demonstration material.
3. Select UG32. The head has 600 mm outside diameter, 156 mm outside depth and 6 mm actual thickness. Calculated inside diameter is 588 mm.
4. Select UG37. The nozzle is set-on, without a separate pad, with 60.3 mm outside diameter and 5 mm wall. The parent shell is cylindrical.
5. Compare the six starting results in the results table. If a result differs, restore the starting state before adding any connection.

Every explicitly entered input

The following tables are the complete input lists from the checked preparation recipes. They contain user inputs and the initially transferred thickness entered once by hand. Unlisted internal selection, default and calculation states come from the unchanged starting archive. The archive is therefore the reproducible entry point; these tables alone do not claim a fully tested cold start.

UG27

UG32

UG37

The later connection replaces UG37's initial V5 = 1.4534885 mm input with a link to UG27:V7. Shell wall V4 = 6 mm remains independent. The external nozzle projection of 80 mm is actual geometry; the projection credited in the result may be smaller.

UG27: shared starting state

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Chapter 09UG27: Read the shell assessment correctly

UG27 assesses required thickness and allowable component pressure for a cylindrical or spherical shell under internal pressure. Design type 1 is the teaching-case cylinder; type 2 is a spherical shell. Use the dedicated UG28 route for external pressure; entering negative internal pressure does not replace stability assessment. Length, support and shape imperfections play different roles there.

A useful first workflow

1. Select design type and establish design pressure V32, hydrostatic head V34 and temperature V16.
2. Select material V17 and review the associated allowable stress V4. Material eligibility must be established independently of obtaining a known number.
3. Enter actual thickness V21, allowances V22/V23 and the two joint efficiencies V5/V45. The teaching case uses 6 mm, two zero allowances and two efficiencies of one.
4. Establish the outside-diameter route V24 = 600 mm. Check the resulting radii: R0 = 300 mm and, with 6 mm effective wall, R = 294 mm.
5. Review method applicability, the several thickness rows, pressures, minimum thickness and messages. Then read the separate opening-reference section.

Why 1.5 mm and 1.4534885 mm are both valid readings

Starting values UG27:V6 = 1.5 mm and UG27:V7 = 1.4534885 mm belong to different result rows. V7 is the outside-radius pressure demand. V6 includes the module's selected combination and minimum-thickness limit. A minimum rule creates a flat result range: a small pressure change can change pressure demand while the combined result initially remains at 1.5 mm. This observed minimum is the demonstration module's state, not a universal restatement of all UG-16 minimum thicknesses.

After pressure increases to 2 MPa, V6 = 2.8710938 mm and V7 = 2.9013538 mm. The result image shows the radius-based approaches alongside each other. This is not a rounding difference. Actual wall remains 6 mm, so inside radius remains 294 mm. Copying only the first number loses the connection to its equation.

A traceable arithmetic check

The thin-shell outside-radius equation documented in the source is t(R0) = P·R0/(S·E + 0.4·P). With S = 206 MPa, E = 1, R0 = 300 mm and P = 2 MPa, it gives 600/206.8 = 2.901354 mm. The inside-radius expression P·R/(S·E − 0.6·P) gives 588/204.8 = 2.871094 mm. This direct evaluation explains the two readings; it does not verify the material property or every selection and validity condition.

Which thickness belongs to the opening?

UG27 also provides V25 for the separate opening reference thickness at E = 1. V25, V7, V6 and V21 are therefore not interchangeable “thicknesses”. The historical operating case explicitly links V7 to UG37:V5. Record that source relationship in the experiment. For another project, establish the opening reference thickness under the applicable method and governing geometry. In particular, changing E or allowances requires reviewing the transferred quantity again.

The displayed allowable pressure belongs to the shell under its assumptions. It is not the allowable pressure of the complete vessel. Head, opening, flange, test state and additional loading can impose other limits. For inverse work, use the separate thickness demand as a target chapter.

UG27: several thicknesses mean several approaches

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Chapter 10UG32: Head form, geometry and junctions

UG32 extends internal-pressure assessment to formed heads, cones and cone-to-cylinder junctions. Establish the correct form before entry. An elliptical head with the wrong depth and a Kloepper head with a matching diameter do not describe the same construction. This overview deliberately separates the six registered design types:

Understand the elliptical teaching case

Enter the shared pressure/temperature basis and review material and E. The prepared case uses outside head diameter V6 = 600 mm, actual thickness V21 = 6 mm and outside crown depth V70 = 156 mm. With no allowances, this gives inside diameter D = 588 mm and inside depth h = 150 mm. Consequently D/(2h) = 1.96. The calculation geometry is therefore not an exact internal 2:1 ellipsoid.

The source uses shape factor K = [2 + (D/(2h))²]/6, giving 0.9736. Do not inadvertently substitute K = 1 in a hand check merely because someone informally called the head “2:1”. With 2 MPa, D = 588 mm, S = 206 MPa and E = 1, the documented expression P·D·K/(2·S·E − 0.2·P) explains the demand of 2.781714 mm.

At 1 MPa, the pressure-dependent E=1 row V72 gives 1.3901819 mm, while V15 includes the module's minimum-thickness limit and displays 1.5 mm. At 2 MPa both happen to be 2.7817147 mm. Agreement in this state does not make their meanings identical. Actual thickness remains 6 mm; with zero allowances, the required-thickness-with-allowances row has the same number only because the allowances are zero.

An opening in the head needs more than the same pressure

Below the general results, UG32 includes opening reference thicknesses at E=1, a separate central crown-region row and an equivalent spherical outside diameter. V72 and V73 represent different approaches; V132 is derived geometry. Opening location and the effective region belong to the decision. This example's nozzle is on the cylindrical shell, so it contains no checked thickness connection from UG32 to UG37.

What other design types add

For torispherical heads, crown and knuckle radii determine the form; a named head type does not make its geometric ratios interchangeable. Review geometric conditions and any additional strength or buckling rows produced by the selected method. The source mask contains such conditions; the elliptical pressure experiment does not establish their behaviour for all forms.

Cone junctions add reinforcement areas and axial additional loads at the large or small end, alongside shell and cone thicknesses. These fields describe separate components and load contributions. A purely pressure-required cone thickness does not automatically complete the junction assessment. Obtain an unambiguous joint drawing showing ring, knuckle and force introduction before calculating.

UG33 is the corresponding selection route for external pressure. A UG32 internal-pressure experiment establishes neither vacuum stability nor every possible load case. Comparisons with AD or EN heads also require identical physical inputs and their respective rules; matching head-form names alone is insufficient.

UG32: shape ratio, result and opening references

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Chapter 11UG37: Opening, area reserve and welds

An opening removes material from the pressure-retaining shell. UG37 assesses required and credited areas, nozzle thickness and attachment-weld forces, among other quantities. A favourable area utilisation is only one result group. The teaching case has a single set-on nozzle without an additional pad on a cylindrical parent shell:

Prepare parent shell and nozzle separately

The parent shell uses V92 = 600 mm outside diameter and V4 = 6 mm effective thickness without allowances. V93 = 150 mm is actual available axial shell length. Pressure, temperature and material must match the underlying shell assessment. V5 is required shell thickness without allowances and is later linked in the experiment. That connection must not replace actual thickness V4.

Nozzle inputs are V16 = 60.3 mm outside diameter, V12 = 5 mm actual thickness and V40 = 80 mm external projection. Zero nozzle allowances give an inside diameter of 50.3 mm. V20 and V175 are set to 5 mm in the example. They belong to different attachment-weld fields; they are not a generally permissible weld specification. Design type 4 uses no separate pad.

Why utilisation rises faster than pressure

At 1 MPa, required V35 = 73.110466 mm² and available credited V38 = 374.0912 mm² give historical utilisation V91 = 19.543488 %. At 2 MPa, demand rises to 145.9381 mm² and utilisation to 49.19959 %. The available credited area decreases at the same time: increased required shell thickness V5 consumes previously available shell reserve. Utilisation therefore does not simply double with pressure.

An explanatory evaluation for this simple case is 50.3 mm × 1.4534885 mm = 73.11047 mm². After the pressure change, 50.3 × 2.9013538 = 145.93810 mm² reproduces the observed demand. This arithmetic check explains the thickness connection here. General area assessment includes further geometry, joint, material and credit conditions and must not be reduced to this product for arbitrary openings.

Actual length is not automatically effective length

The result image shows only 12.5 mm credited external projection although the actual projection is 80 mm. Shell length is limited too: the image shows a limit length of 25.15 mm. Extending the nozzle to, for example, 100 mm therefore need not add credited area. First examine the limiting geometric region, then deliberately change a quantity that affects that region.

Read the other result groups completely

1. Nozzle neck: Review minimum and junction thicknesses, including the module's UG-45 results. An area ratio below 100 % does not replace the neck requirement.
2. Attachment welds: Read forces and allowable forces for each joint detail. A negative intermediate number visible in the image is not interpreted as a general “negative load is safe” rule; the associated defined comparisons and messages govern.
3. Reinforcement areas: Distinguish required area, shell reserve and other credited areas. “No pad” does not mean “no credited reserve of any kind”.
4. Adjacent openings: Design type 5 requires separate review of ligament and overlapping regions. Do not mentally credit the same area in full twice for overlapping assessments.

The sources contain messages for overloaded welds, exceeded area utilisation, insufficient ligament and combined membrane/bending stresses. The learning video checks the area path; it did not deliberately trigger every condition. The Appendix 1-7 region is partly blank in the result image; blank fields do not establish a passed additional assessment.

UG37: demand, reserve and utilisation after pressure change

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Chapter 12Create three deliberate connections

The connection list is short and explicit: UG27:V32 → UG32:V123, UG27:V32 → UG37:V181 and UG27:V7 → UG37:V5. The first two transfer design excess pressure excluding head. The third transfers a calculated shell thickness demand. The diagram describes the case's data relationships; it is not a program screenshot.

1. In UG27, open the V32 variable menu and bookmark it. The source must show 1 MPa.
2. In UG32, open the V123 variable menu and select Link. Check the target line UG32 V123. If MPa/MPa(p) filtering hides the source, use “Show all variables” after checking the quantities. Explicitly select UG27 V32.
3. Repeat for UG37 V181. Both targets must still display 1 MPa and indicate that they are linked.
4. In UG27, add a bookmark for V7, the outside-radius thickness demand. Link it to UG37 V5. Check mm → mm and the value 1.4534885 mm.
5. Read back all three targets. A closed selection dialog alone does not establish that the intended connection was applied.

The interface may describe the link as bidirectional. Arrows in the teaching diagram describe our chosen operating direction: only source UG27:V32 is edited. Editing a linked target may propagate back, depending on binding. Avoid prescribing both source and target until their roles are clear.

Pressure connection: identify source and target

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Thickness link: demand is not actual wall

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Chapter 13Change pressure and follow the effect

The objective is a deliberate revision of the common pressure. Save your practice state before the experiment. Then change only UG27:V32 from 1 to 2 MPa. Confirm the entry, wait for calculation completion and inspect messages. In this step, leave actual walls, geometry, materials and temperature at their documented values.

UG27's pressure-required thickness rises; its actual 6 mm wall stays the same. UG32 must now also show 2 MPa design pressure. UG37 needs two updates: V181 receives 2 MPa and V5 receives the newly calculated 2.9013538 mm. Checking pressure alone is insufficient because a stale V5 thickness would distort both credited shell reserve and required area.

The next chapter's reference values were compared in the historical video against a target state previously obtained by separate input edits. Both routes used the same calculation environment. This comparison tests transfer and updating; it is not an independent implementation of the ASME equations.

Returning and trying further revisions

To return, reopen the unchanged starting archive in a practice project. Alternatively, change V32 back to 1 MPa in your connected copy and compare the same six starting results and connections. This is a recommended check, not a fresh execution during handbook authoring. If you next change 150 °C, deliberately update temperature in every affected chapter: temperature was not linked here.

Watch the complete operating workflow

English program interface with bilingual captions. Only video requires Internet; instructions, images and examples are stored locally. Open video directly.

Chapter 14Compare and interpret results

The following values come from the approved video comparison of 6 September 2026. The starting archive was reopened, three connections were created and the 2 MPa revision was compared with target states entered separately in the same calculation environment. The table deliberately identifies fields rather than using a generic term such as “wall thickness”.

The recorded comparison tolerances were max(0.0001; |target| × 0.00001), in the stated unit. These tight tolerances identify the same software state. They are neither manufacturing tolerances nor engineering safety margins. The interface rounds to fewer digits; compare the same field quantity and unit.

Interpret the three responses together: the shell shows rising pressure demand, the head follows the same pressure revision, and the nozzle loses reserve because its required parent-shell thickness is transferred too. Matching one number in one module is insufficient. Also read attachment-weld checks, neck thicknesses, geometric conditions and open messages.

Before comparing allowable component pressures, establish hydrostatic reference, load case and included assessments. A complete result needs a complete list of governing limits. The three learning modules alone do not cover that full scope.

Chapter 15Thickness demand as a target: deliberate inverse work

“Which pressure gives 3 mm demand?” is a different question from “Which actual wall is present?”. In a separate UG27 copy, consider outside-radius thickness demand V7 as a target. The target is 3 mm; outside radius 300 mm, S = 206 MPa, E = 1, hydrostatic head 0 MPa and actual wall 6 mm remain fixed for this arithmetic exercise.

Rearranging the outside-radius expression documented in the source gives P = S·E·t/(R0 − 0.4·t). Here, P = 206 × 3 / (300 − 1.2) = 2.068273 MPa. This is a newly evaluated equation check, not a freshly observed UI solver run. It identifies which quantities must be free and which must remain fixed.

1. Save a separate experiment copy and, if necessary, disconnect links to other chapters so that the exercise does not cause unintended project changes.
2. Use the application's goal-seeking feature with target UG27:V7 = 3 mm and variable UG27:V32. Check that the dialog varies pressure.
3. If an input-role exchange is offered, check that the pressure input is released and exactly the target quantity is prescribed. Keep V21 = 6 mm as actual wall.
4. Compare the pressure found with the equation above, result V7 and the other conditions. Reaching a target number does not eliminate the remaining thickness/pressure conditions.
5. Restore ordinary roles: P as input, V7 as output. A forward calculation with the resulting pressure must reproduce the target demand.

Goal seeking typically changes a driving input, whereas a persistent role exchange changes the chapter's input/output arrangement. Distinguish these workflows. Minimum-thickness limits make inversion ambiguous: V6 = 1.5 mm can hold over a whole pressure range. Use the well-defined pressure demand V7 for this teaching exercise and remain within the valid equation range.

Chapter 16Connections, child calculations and test pressure

The teaching case's three manually created links are only one form of cooperation. The inspected module sources also contain module-managed child chapters and interfaces. An additional UG27 chapter needed by UG37 for a nozzle or parent-shell requirement is not automatically the main shell chapter you created. Identify owner, task and data direction every time.

For certain thickness checks, UG37 creates or reuses a managed UG27 child for internal pressure or UG28 for external pressure. The source route sets the relevant parent-shell shape, manages chapter identity and may hide the child. Changing pressure type handles associated chapters that are no longer appropriate. This is an established internal source route; the learning video did not exercise every pressure mode or chapter transition. Avoid imposing extra inputs directly inside an automatically managed child.

UG27 and related components implement an interface for U99N. Among other things, it manages whether a module participates in the test-pressure assessment, allowable stresses for operating and test conditions, and chapter identity. An available interface does not mean that a newly opened U99N automatically includes every intended load case completely. Review included components, load case, temperature-dependent properties and governing limit.

The chain's shared design pressure is not a prescribed test plan. When hydrostatic or pneumatic testing is required, use the appropriate basis, component list and dedicated test functions. The historical experiment changed design pressure only; this book does not claim a complete U99N test-pressure run.

Chapter 17Continue toward the complete vessel

After the learning chain, inventory the components and load cases actually present. This is an engineering sequence, not a mandatory solver order. A later finding often sends you back to an earlier dimension. Record every change to shared assumptions along the way.

For a heat exchanger, thermal design provides important geometry and temperature data. WTS Package – Heat exchanger calculation explains that task. Thermally adequate area does not establish mechanical adequacy of tubesheet, shell, tubes or joints. Conversely, a mechanical thickness revision can affect heat transfer, pressure drop and thermal expansion. Deliberately reconcile the two data revisions.

The selection group contains historical methods and incompletely described identifiers. FANY is explicitly marked obsolete and replaced by AN3F; it helps interpret older calculations. The package map identifies these limits in each affected entry. A missing name is not permission to infer a standard from a token. This first package edition provides the full selection overview and one detailed core case; it does not replace 51 standalone module handbooks.

Chapter 18Save, reopen and document

Save a revision after all intended inputs have been confirmed and calculations have finished. Use a name that identifies state and change, such as “ASME learning case – pressure 2 MPa – connected”. Record the three connections alongside it. A correctly named file may still contain the wrong state; check its content.

1. Before saving, record pressure, geometry, material, temperature, allowances and the six comparison results.
2. Save the project in the intended SOL format. The downloadable example files in this book preserve their original bytes.
3. Open your saved copy in a separate practice project. Review design types and fields again, including all three connection mappings.
4. Compare numbers and roles. A restored known value must still behave as a connection after a deliberate source change.
5. Inspect messages and all relevant result groups before producing a report.

The report should include project code and edition, drawing revision, load case, units, material/property basis, actual and required dimensions, connection sources, governing results and open issues. State utilisation with its definition, for example “UG37 required area / available credited area”. A percentage without a reference quantity cannot be reviewed meaningfully.

The handbook print function produces a readable reference with questions expanded. It does not replace the project calculation report. Text, images and example archives also work offline in the complete local handbook folder; embedded video comes from the existing external media host.

Chapter 19Common questions and troubleshooting

Chapter 20Terms for the next calculation step

Chapter 21Look up fields and results

Selected operating fields with reviewed translations. Numbers always belong to their module identifier. Units refer to the teaching case or the quantity concerned; check the field unit in a different display. An old internal label containing “in bar” does not prove that the current value is displayed in bar. Conditional cone, pad and adjacent-opening fields appear only for their relevant design type.

UG27

UG32

UG37

Chapter 22Sources, evidence and limits

Editorial review date: 7 September 2026. The frozen source snapshot records source paths, hashes, package members and field labels. Web: main13.0 / 1cd12e8b173ba72aa5c95c98a14772b7ee537997. All-Dev: fix-iteration/v10 / 40606b705b2df95e550ffef5e98ab733ccc66229. Review covered package registration, module descriptions, all registered core masks and selected equation, state and child routes for UG27, UG32 and UG37.

The public ASME BPVC VIII-1 product description establishes the code's scope and lists edition 2025. The official certification overview describes certification scope, distinct from the calculation task. Both sources accessed on 7 September 2026. Equation explanations in this book were checked against the stated module source revision; the complete licensed code text was neither reproduced nor fully audited.

Historical runtime evidence · Image provenance · Scope and file hashes. Recording date is 6 September 2026; frames were extracted on 7 September. This is not a new calculation. The exact historical plugin build was not independently identified. Original files and images remain unchanged.

The connected pressure revision was compared with separate input edits in the same calculation environment. This book does not claim a complete cold start, new live run, reopening the saved final revision, UI inverse run, every design type, all weld/adjacent-opening conditions, Desktop parity or complete ASME compliance. Direct equation checks for UG27, UG32 and the simple area case explain selected numbers; they do not replace independent method validation.

The map positions all 51 package members. Eight identifiers are unresolved in the two Web registers, and some further generic descriptions leave the specific method open. Each affected entry carries that information. This package edition contains one continuous UG27/UG32/UG37 core case; it does not complete separate standalone manuals for all members.